Evidence

This meta-analysis of 65 studies found that interventions designed to foster pro-environmental behaviours in children are effective, yielding a medium overall effect size.

A systematic review of 20 quantitative studies that found nature-based learning had consistently positive educational outcomes, increased physical activity, and potential positive social impacts for...

This paper combines a narrative overview with a systematic review, concluding that passive nature exposure promotes positive changes in attention, memory, and mood in young...

A meta-analytic review of 12 studies involving 2,642 participants, finding that outdoor education programs enhance adolescents' self-efficacy with a medium effect size, supporting personal development.

This review of 29 studies found beneficial associations between greenspace exposure and children’s behaviour, with the most consistent links being reduced total behavioural difficulties and...

A meta-analysis of 31 studies finding empirical support for Attention Restoration Theory, with significant positive effects of exposure to natural environments on objective measures of...

A recent meta-analysis of 21 studies finding that outdoor recreation has significant positive effects on young people’s psychological well-being, social connectivity, and environmental awareness.

This systematic review finds that regular, compulsory, curriculum-based outdoor education can promote students in social, academic, physical, and psychological dimensions, though it notes methodological weaknesses...